Sunday, 27 April 2014

Final thoughts


 
My final thoughts
I have learnt so much from my research and now feel that I will be a good advocate for our children and promote “Smart Oral Health”
I will actually miss not doing this blog as I have really enjoyed the experience this time round.


 

 

 

 
 

Pedagogical implications for practice in the early childhood setting


Pedagogical implications for oral health practice in the early childhood setting

The implications of children’s poor oral health in early child settings can be very disruptive for the teachers as an unwell child can be more demanding of a teachers time therefore affecting the teacher child ratio .  Teachers become peace makers between children who are irritable  and uncooperative with teaching staff and child peers.  Where oral health has caused appearance issues for the child they can develop low self-esteem become withdrawn from the public eye, be teased and bullied by others. Teachers need to be able to adapt their pedagogy to be inclusive of these children.

Becoming a teacher you commit to the profession that means abiding by the teachers council code of conduct this involves  encourage parents and whānau to get on board with their children’s learning such as role modelling care for their teeth to children. Under the commitment to parents/guardians “involve them in decision-making about the care and education of their children” (New Zealand Teaching Council, 2004, para. 8).

As teachers we have the right to exercise Section 14 of the New Zealand Bill of Rights Freedom of expression “Everyone has the right to freedom of expression, including the freedom to seek, receive, and impart information and opinions of any kind in any form.  To encourage parents to learn with and from their children with regard to their oral health.

We are obliged to utilise the principles and strands our early childhood curriculum Te Whāriki to fulfil children’s complete development as competent and capable learners (Ministry of Education, 1996)

Involve the community in our teaching such as Health for kids programme into our centers. Getting involved and working toward The Healthy Heart Award for early childhood education.

Encouraging children’s wellbeing I  oral health education  encouraging children to rinse mouth / drink water after eating food and fruit, encourage/ provide water rather than juice.

 

 

Reference

Dental Health Foundation, (2014). Winning smiles schools programme. Retrieved from http://www.dentalhealth.ie/children/winningsmiles.html

 

Heart Foundation. (2013). The Healthy Heart Award for early childhood education. Retrieved from http://www.heartfoundation.org.nz/programmes-resources/schools-and-eces/healthy-heart-award

 

Lumino the Dentist, (2013). Health for kids programme: Dental kit launch. Retrieved from http://lumino.co.nz/helping-kidscan

 


Ministry of Education. (1996). Te Whāriki: He Whārirki mātauranga mō ngā mokopuna o Aotearoa/ Early childhood curriculum. Wellington, New Zealand: Learning Media.

New Zealand Bill of Rights Act (1990) .Retrieved from http://www.legislation.govt.nz/act/public/1990/0109/latest/DLM225513.html

 
New Zealand Teachers Council. (2004). Code of Ethics for registered teachers. Retrieved from http://archive.teacherscouncil.govt.nz/required/ethics/codeofethics.stm

Wednesday, 23 April 2014

Contributing factors to children's poor oral health








Contributing factors to children’s poor oral health

My research indicates to me that management of oral intake and ill education of oral health hygiene practices is the key to poor oral health in society.

Diet is one of the biggest contributing factors to poor oral health in our children (Ministry of Health, 2010; Ministry of Health, 2013). 

There are many issues around diet and oral health, it is not just about healthy or unhealthy foods, it is also combinations of foods and their pH levels that can be harmful to teeth (Anekar, 2011).

Modern society has changed its pace, the family home cooked dinner is less common and the fast food / junk food industry has swooped upon us whether it is take-away or heat up in the microwave.  

Children who graze on food or over eaters are at risk of serious oral health issues because their mouths are not being given sufficient time for the saliva to neutralize acid generated by bacteria before the next ingestion of food or drink.  

Australian experts demand warnings on soft drinks following research. Results revealed that approximately 56% of  Australian children consumed at least one bottle of fizzy type drink a day. 13% were consuming three or more sports or carb drinks a day.  Their most shocking discovery was that children from low income consumed 60% more fizzy sweet drink.  I suspect that New Zealand statistics would be similar to those in Australia.  

Fluoride has plays an important role in the prevention of tooth decay when used in its correct dosage.  However I have found a lot of recent information of which is controversial  and certainly places a different light on fluoride. It is a bit like a menu how would you like your fluoride? Topically (on the outside) or Systemically (on the inside) through the water systems.   

The Benefits of Water Fluoridation? ( 3.53 min)
(unfortunately this youtube will not import as a video insert so please click on link to view)
Heather Howes speaks out about water fluoridation in New Zealand (3.42  min)
(unfortunately this youtube will not import as a video insert so please click on link to view)
An interesting Interview with Dr. John Colquhoun 1998 (52 min, very informative)

(unfortunately this youtube is too large to import as a video insert so please click on link to view)



 
 

Education of oral health involves the parents, caregivers taking an active part in the child’s learning, being responsible for and role modeling good eating habits making wise choices when shopping for food.  I keep hear the word “Poverty” we can not afford food. The government issues payment cards for food shopping which is to cover the basic food needs. However, the only restrictions for spending is no cigarettes of alcohol.  So there is money which can only be used on food the problem is what food choices are made by the purchaser.  This is where I see a need for education to change shopping habits looking for unbranded items, and specials   on basic items to cook with not convenience foods.    

Please do not get me wrong I know that there is serious poverty in families in our society and appreciate that there are hard decisions to have to make.

 
References

Anekar, J. Dr (2011). Diet, nutrition and oral health: Diet and oral health. Journal of Dental Sciences and Research: (2.1) (pp.175-182). Retrieved from http://www.ssdctumkur.org/jdsr/19.pdf

Dental Tribune International, (2013)  Experts demand that warnings on soft drinks include caries risk. Retrieved from http://www.dental-tribune.com/articles/news/asiapacific/11603_experts_demand_that_warnings_on_soft_drinks_include_caries_risk_.html

Dental Tribune International, (2012). Sports and energy drinks found to erode tooth enamel.  Retrieved from http://www.dental-tribune.com/articles/news/usa/8348_sports_and_energy_drinks_found_to_erode_tooth_enamel_.html

Dental Tribune International, (2013).  Poor oral health due to junk food may elevate risk of heart disease.  Retrieved from http://www.dental-tribune.com/articles/news/europe/15835_poor_oral_health_due_to_junk_food_may_elevate_risk_of_heart_disease.html

Fluoride Action Network (2012). The benefits of water fluoridation. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PNdelK1GTm4

Ministry of Health, (2010). Our oral health: Key findings of the 2009 New Zealand oral health survey. Wellington: Ministry of Health

Ministry of Health, (2012). Community water fluoridation questions and answers. Retrieved from http://www.tdhb.org.nz/services/public_health/fluoride_qanda.shtml#fluoride1

Ministry of Health, (2013). New Zealand health survey: Annual update of key findings 2012/13. Wellington: Ministry of Health

Ontario Dental hygienists’ Association, (nd). Dental hygiene facts: Nutrition and oral health. Retrieved from http://www.odha.on.ca/drupal/system/files/pdf/NutritionF.pdf

Ringsurf, (2009). Oral health and nutrition. Retrieved from http://www.ringsurf.com/online/1173-oral_health_and_nutrition.html

SAGE Publications. (2013) "Junk food, poor oral health increase risk of premature heart disease." ScienceDaily. http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2013/12/131202105301.htm

WebMD, (2014).  Oral care: Diet and oral health. Retrieved from http://www.webmd.com/oral-health/diet-oral-health

Work and Income, (nd) Payment card . Retrieved from http://www.workandincome.govt.nz/individuals/payment-card/#Usingyourcard4

 
 
 

 


 


Monday, 21 April 2014

Why is oral health a social issue and how do our children fare?

21 April 2014
Why is oral health a social issue and how do our children fare?


“Oral health is an important global public health issue, statistics show disorders and diseases of the teeth and mouth, remain the most common of any of the long-term conditions.  However, these are largely preventable conditions impacting highly on individuals and society and expensive to treat when left.” (Ministry of Health, 2010. p.6) 
Statistics
The surveys reported in the 2009 key findings, were the first comprehensive nationwide surveys in 21 years.  Highlighting the patterns and levels of oral diseases and health since those recorded in 1976 and 1988 (Ministry of Health, 2010).  


Having established historically the two major threats to natural teeth are dental caries and periodontal disease, I now ask why is oral health an issue in New Zealand when the Ministry of Health provides free dental facilities for all children from one year until their eighteenth birthday? (Ministry of Health, 2010).  
Government through its oral health policy  Good Oral Health for All, for Life has invested $116 million in capital expenditure and a further$36 million per annum for operating funds.  To re‑orient child and adolescent oral health services from 2006 to 2013 to promote, improve, maintain and restore good oral health, being proactive in addressing the needs of those at greatest risk of poor oral health (Ministry of Health, 2010).
According to the 2012/13 updated oral health survey, about 30,000 children aged between 1 to 14 years had teeth extracted in the last 12 months due to decay, abscess, infection or gum disease.  These figures calculated from a sample of 4,000 interviewed and examined children, equating to an estimated 675,000 children nationwide in this category.  That is 3.6% of all children in that age group.  Children in the 5 to 9 age bracket are highlighted as most vulnerable to have tooth extractions (Ministry of Health, 2013).  
Approximately 40% of children age 2 to 11 years and 5 to 17 year olds were detected as having untreated coronal decay on 1 or more primary or permanent teeth (Ministry of Health, 2013) .
 16% of children aged 7 to17 years had, had trauma to one or more of their upper six front secondary teeth (Ministry of Health, 2013)
These statistics indicate to me that not enough pre-schoolers are being enrolled, taking advantage of the free health care.  Although the statistics show that 81% of the 1 to 14 age group did receive a dental care check-up, it is the remaining 19% who are potentially at risk of serious ill health and wellbeing.
The New Zealand Herald in 2011 headlines “NZ children’s dental health still among the worst” stating that New Zealand rates are worse than the UK, US and Australia.  These claims are backed up by the key findings of the 2009 and 2012/13 oral health survey particularly when statistics are categorised into ethnic groups, M ori, Pacific and others (Ministry of Health, 2010; Ministry of Health, 2013).
During my research I found the youtube clip below it is very lengthy, (1hr 18 min) however very informative.  Kathryn Fuge from Community Dental Services, Hutt Valley DHB presents a section on “The Oral Health of New Zealand Children” that really took my interest.  Her focus is on early childhood oral health (it is 17 min) but a must view, the scary thing is she is only presenting on her Hutt Valley region although I would imagine representative of most other regions in New Zealand.

Biting into the Oral Health of New Zealand Children




(unfortunately this youtube is too large to import as a video insert so please click on link to view)
   
So now that you have viewed this YouTube clip are you as concerned as I am, to learn that Early Childhood Caries is the most common chronic infectious disease of childhood.  This is having devastating effects on children’s development loosing these primary teeth too soon means they will be unable to carry out normal oral related functions as others their age until their secondary teeth fill the gaps some 10+ years later.


Children’s rights
Under the New Zealand Human Rights Act  children’s rights are said to come under three common categories: provision rights, protection rights and participation rights (Lansdown, 1994). http://www.hrc.co.nz/report/chapters/chapter04/children01.html
Children are vulnerable and dependent on others (parents, care givers, teachers and the State) to honour and exercise their rights to be able to; develop to the fullest, be protected from harmful influences and be able to participate fully in family, cultural and social life.  In a society, that meets the basic rights of its children (to education, health, an adequate standard of living)
Section 8 of the New Zealand Bill of rights Act (1990) gives children the “Right not to be deprived of life.”
New Zealand is currently considering new legislation (the Care of Children Bill) that will amend the Guardianship Act and elements of other legislation. http://www.hrc.co.nz/report/chapters/chapter04/children01.html#english
“Children live, learn and grow, not in isolation, but as part of families, whanau and communities” http://www.hrc.co.nz/report/chapters/chapter04/children01.html        



References
Human Rights in New Zealand Today Ngā Tika Tangata O Te Motu:  Chapter 4: The rights of children and young people Ngā tika o ngā tamariki, rangatahi.  Retrieved from http://www.hrc.co.nz/report/chapters/chapter04/children01.html#english
Lansdown, G. (1994). Children's rights. In B. Mayall (ed.), Children's childhood: Observed and experienced (pp. 33-34). London: The Falmer Press.
Ministry of Health, (2010). Our oral health: Key findings of the 2009 New Zealand oral health survey. Wellington: Ministry of Health
Ministry of Health, (2013). New Zealand health survey: Annual update of key findings 2012/13. Wellington: Ministry of Health
New Zealand Bill of Rights Act (1990) Retrieved from http://www.legislation.govt.nz/act/public/1990/0109/latest/DLM225505.html
The New Zealand Herald  (2011) NZ children’s dental health still among the worst. Retrieved from http://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/news/article.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=10710408
University of Otago, Wellington, (2013).  Biting into the oral health of New Zealand children. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4zPdmuIzglU

 

 



 

 

    

 

 





 

Sunday, 13 April 2014

What is oral health and how does it affect children?



13 April 2014

What is oral health and how does it affect children?


The World Health Organization (WHO) defines oral health as:

“a state of complete physical, mental and social wellbeing, not merely the absence of tooth decay, oral and throat cancers, gum disease, chronic pain, oral tissue lesions, birth defects ... and other diseases and disorders that affect the oral, dental and craniofacial tissues (cited in Beaglehole et al 2009).”


As you read in the quote above “oral health” is far more complex than cutting your baby teeth, (milk or primary teeth) having them fall out, (lots of visits from the  tooth fairy), with a bit more pain you gain a second set, maybe a few fillings over the decades then the elderly inevitable dentures.  I admit prior to my researching oral health as a social issue, I was naive to the complexities of how important oral health was to our overall health and wellbeing.

I now know that there are three major categories that can affect teeth; developmental, trauma and disease.  So what causes these problems?

Developmental issues begin as far back as your genetic blue print, however this can be altered if mothers health is impaired during pregnancy.  Substances systemic and topical can also damage developing teeth. http://www.just-teeth.co.nz/dental-care-advice/Tooth+problems.html
 




                                                         Dental Fluorosis
                                  
                                                          Erupting teeth
                    Images retrieved from http://www.just-teeth.co.nz/dental-care-advice/Tooth+problems.html

 
                                 

              Image retrieved from http://www.just-teeth.co.nz/dental-care-advice/Tooth+problems.html

 

Trauma - issues are the major breakages of teeth caused by accidental falls crashes.  Unfortunately many are preventable or could be minimised if sportspersons had worn the recommended safety equipment. http://www.just-teeth.co.nz/dental-care-advice/Tooth+problems.html
 

 

                Images retrieved from http://www.just-teeth.co.nz/dental-care-advice/Tooth+problems.html

 

Disease – dental caries, (decay/cavities) and gum disease, (gingivitis/periodontitis) are conditions that commonly occur when oral hygiene is not regularly exercised. http://www.just-teeth.co.nz/dental-care-advice/Tooth+problems.html

 
                                   
                                   
                                                       Stages of tooth decay                             

 
Tooth Decay — How it happens and how to avoid it
 


                                      
                                                                       Gingivitis








                                                                  Periodontitis


 

An interesting perspective from a natural health doctor on the impact oral health and dentistry can have on your whole body.  “CLICK” to view only 3 mins long

Look at dental health in a different way





 

 

References

 DDS. Schwartz, S., (2014). Clinical encounters in pediatric dentistry: Eruption problems. Retrieved from http://www.dentalcare.com/en-US/dental-education/continuing-education/ce352/ce352.aspx?ModuleName=coursecontent&PartID=8&SectionID=-1

Dentist Bond iBeach, (2011). Tooth Decay — How it happens and how to avoid it Retrieved from http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XF0b_GgzwUM

Dental Trauma Guide,(2010).Your interactive tool to evidence based trauma treatment. Retrieved from http://www.dentaltraumaguide.org/

Just Teeth Dental Centre (2011). Tooth problems: What problems can occur to my teeth. Retrieved from http://www.just-teeth.co.nz/dental-care-advice/Tooth+problems.html

Oral Surgery Associates, (2011).  Wisdom teeth. Retrieved fromhttp://www.oralsurgery.co.nz/wisdom-teeth.html

WebMD, (nd). Childrens health: Fluorosis overview. Retrieved from http://www.webmd.com/children/fluorosis-symptoms-causes-treatments

WebMD, (2011). Oral Care: Tooth decay – topic overview. Retrieved from http://www.webmd.com/oral-health/tc/tooth-decay-topic-overview

IHealth Tube.com (2013) Look at dental health in a different way. Retrieved from
           https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UQqz4c5vJaE

Tuesday, 25 March 2014






26 March 2014
History of Oral Health and Services
The preservation of oral health has come a long way from the black teeth of Elizabethan England representing their prestigious status, to the tooth removal ceremonies proving manhood http://www.just-teeth.co.nz/dental-care-advice/History+of+Dental+care.html.
 
The evolution from chew sticks 3000 BC to the concept of the first toothbrushes   made in Japan in 1223 was introduced into Europe through cultural trade with China in the mid 1450’s.   William Addis, in 1780 mass produced his version of the toothbrush, bone handle and bristles taken from cold climate pigs
Evolution of the tooth brush
museum.dent.unimelb.edu.au

Toothpaste took on many forms as it evolved within cultures and countries around the world each with their own unique herbs and recipes.  Initially most were in powder form sold in a jar or tin.
 
Colgate began mass producing the first toothpaste in a jar in 1873. http://inventors.about.com/od/dstartinventions/a/dentistry_2.htm . 
The collapsible toothpaste tube as we know it today was invented in 1892, however the tubes were lead.  Plastic tubes began evolving in 1975 with many combinations of plastics and metals being trialled over the next 15 years, in the early 1990s most manufacturers rapidly changed to the completely plastic tube.
Fluoride was initially introduced into toothpaste in 1914, although not commercially sold until 1959.
The onset of World War 1 in 1914 saw a focused change to the way in which oral health was dealt with, many young recruits requiring extensive dental maintenance to meet fitness criteria to serve.  All recruits were issued with this standard toothbrush (below) and a tube of toothpaste.
Images of war time dental routines and services can be view at http://www.teara.govt.nz/en/photograph/30586/wartime-dentistry-military-tooth-brushing-1917

NZ school dental service
Sir Thomas Anderson Hunter, K.B.E post war (1921) became a founder of the New Zealand School Dental Service for primary school children.  Hunter saw this as suitable career for women to fill.  However many of his dentist counterparts were dubious of women’s capabilities in these roles, also anti-state control of the dental industry.  In 1923, Hawke’s Bay was the recipients of the first of 25 school dental clinics set up around the country.
Following the 1935 election, the first Labour Government led by Michael Joseph Savage  came into power.  This change of government saw the implementation of state welfare, and the passing of the Social Securities Act 1938 bringing a rapid increase in access to health care, free in-school dental care plus more Dental Nurses to service the increasing population into the schools. 
I vividly remember my first encounters with the dental nurse in the late 1960’s, nothing else smelt quite like the dental clinic alas it was only a once a year visit to our little rural school of 40ish.  However, her presence was quite intimidating in her bright white fitted uniform and head veil held down with white bobby pins and yes the red cardigan (was it red to hide the blood from the murder house?).
A government subsidised scheme in 1947 saw the extension for dental care with dentists servicing secondary students to age 19 (McCaul, 2011).  

Another government initiative following the campaigning for healthy eating and looking after your teeth was from 1937-1967  the half pint, daily issue of free milk for all in schools with the intention of increasing children’s calcium intake for teeth and nutritional health.  937

 
   

The election the fourth Labour government 1984-1990 saw major transformations of the social and economic reforms, alas “Rogernomics”.  Government departments were decentralised disbursing control to private and regional welfare providers (District Health Boards.)
 

Fluoridation of drinking water

Hastings had another oral health first in 1954 with the introduction of fluoride into community drinking water systems.  Following the Royal Commission of Inquiry into water fluoridation in 1957, resulted in local authorities acquiring control of fluoridation at community level through referendum.  By the late 1970’s 54% of the population were exposed to fluoridated drinking water.

   
 

References
 

Aimer, P. (2012).  Labour Party – Fourth and fifth Labour governments: Te Ara – the Encyclopedia of New Zealand.  Retrieved from http://www.teara.govt.nz/en/labour-party/page-4


Intelligent Dental (ND). About toothpaste tubes made of metal.  Retrieved from http://www.intelligentdental.com/2011/09/18/about-toothpaste-tubes-made-of-metal/

McCaul, H. (2011). New Zealand School Dental Service. Retrieved from http://www.just-teeth.co.nz/dental-care-advice/History+of+Dental+care.html

McLintock, A.H. (1966) Hunter, Sir Thomas Anderson, K.B.E.: An encyclopaedia of New Zealand 1966.  Retrieved from http://www.teara.govt.nz/en/1966/hunter-sir-thomas-anderson-kbe

Ministry for Culture and Heritage (nd) Social Security Act passed. Retrieved from http://www.nzhistory.net.nz/from-the-cradle-to-the-grave-parliament-passes-the-social-security-act


Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa (nd). Social welfare and the state: Rogernomics: Retrieved from http://www.tepapa.govt.nz/whatson/exhibitions/sliceofheaven/exhibition/SocialWelfare/Pages/Rogernomics.aspx

New Dental & Oral Health Therapists (nd) A century of oral health care: Early last century New Zealands’ oral health was in pretty bad shape. Retrieved from http://www.nzoral.org.nz/c/A-Century-of-Oral-Health-Care

New Zealand Milk Broad, (1978).  New Zealand’s milk in schools scheme 1937-1967.  New Zealand Milk Board Wellington. New Zealand. Retrieved from http://www.moh.govt.nz/notebook/nbbooks.nsf/0/9FCAF39CD5D18B0FCC257A05008083EC/$file/Milk%20in%20schools.pdf

Rendall, M. (2012). Georgian gentleman: William Addis, and the story of the modern toothbrush.  Retrieved from http://mikerendell.com/william-addis-and-the-story-of-the-modern-toothbrush/

Schmidt, A. (2012). Story:  Dental Care.  Retrieved from http://www.teara.govt.nz/en/dental-care/page-3

Schmidt, A. (2012). Story:  Dental Care.  Retrieved from http://www.teara.govt.nz/en/photograph/30586/wartime-dentistry-military-tooth-brushing-1917

The New Zealand Journal, (2010).  The school dental program in New Zealand. Retrieved from  http://thenewzealandjournal.blogspot.co.nz/2010/04/school-dental-nurse-program-in-new.html

Wikipedia Foundation Inc. (nd) New Zealand general election 1935. Retrieved from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Zealand_general_election,_1935